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  • Options

QGIS is highly configurable through the Settings menu. Choosebetween Options, Project Properties and Customization.

Note

QGIS follows desktop guidelines for the location of options and projectproperties item. Consequently related to the OS you are using, location of someof items described below could be in the Projector the Settings menu.

This download contains an improved version of the driver for Creative Live!® Cam Notebook. It adds support for Microsoft® Windows® 7. For more details, read the rest of this web release note. Creative live cam notebook pro.

Some basic options for QGIS can be selected using theOptions dialog. Select the menu option Settings ‣Options.You can modify the options according to your needs. Some of the changes mayrequire a restart of QGIS before they will be effective.

The tabs where you can customize your options are described below.

Application

  • Select the Style (QGIS restart required) and choosebetween ‘Oxygen’, ‘Windows’, ‘Motif’, ‘CDE’, ‘Plastique’ and ‘Cleanlooks’.
  • Define the Icon theme. It can be ‘default’ or ‘Night Mapping’.
  • Define the Icon size.
  • Define the Font and its Size. The font can be Qt default or a user-defined one.
  • Change the Timeout for timed messages or dialogs.
  • Hide splash screen at startup
  • Show tips at startup
  • Check QGIS version at startup to keep you informedif a newer version is released
  • QGIS-styled group boxes
  • Use native color chooser dialogs (see Color Selector)
  • Use live-updating color chooser dialogs (see Color Selector)
  • Canvas rotation support (restart required)

Project files

  • Open project on launch (choose between ‘New’,‘Most recent’, ‘Welcome Page’, and ‘Specific’). When choosing ‘Specific’ usethe to define the project to use by default. The ‘Welcome Page’displays a list of recent projects with screenshot.
  • Create new project from default project. You have thepossibility to press on Set current project as default or onReset default. You can browse through your files and define adirectory where you find your user-defined project templates. This will beadded to Project ‣ New From Template. If you first activateCreate new project from default project and then savea project in the project templates folder.
  • Prompt to save project and data source changes whenrequired
  • Prompt for confirmation when a layer is to be removed
  • Warn when opening a project file saved with an olderversion of QGIS
  • Enable macros. This option was created to handlemacros that are written to perform an action on project events. You canchoose between ‘Never’, ‘Ask’, ‘For this session only’ and‘Always (not recommended)’.

SVG paths

Add or Remove Path(s) to search for Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG)symbols. These SVG files are then available to symbolize features ordecorate your map composition.

Plugin paths

Add or Remove Path(s) to search for additional C++plugin libraries

QSettings

It helps you Reset user interface to default settings (restart required)if you made any customization.

Environment

System environment variables can now be viewed, and many configured, in theEnvironment group (see figure_environment_variables). This is useful forplatforms, such as Mac, where a GUI application does not necessarily inheritthe user’s shell environment. It’s also useful for setting and viewing environmentvariables for the external tool sets controlled by the Processing toolbox (e.g.,SAGA, GRASS), and for turning on debugging output for specific sections of thesource code.

  • Use custom variables (restart required - include separators).You can [Add] and [Remove] variables. Already-defined environmentvariables are displayed in Current environment variables, and it’spossible to filter them by activatingShow only QGIS-specific variables.

Feature attributes and table

  • Open attribute table in a dock window
  • Copy features as ‘Plain text, no geometry’, ‘Plain text, WKT geometry’,or ‘GeoJSON’ when pasting features in other applications.
  • Attribute table behavior: set filter on the attributetable at the opening. There are three possibilities: ‘Show all features’,‘Show selected features’ and ‘Show features visible on map’.
  • Default view: define the view mode of the attribute table at everyopening. It can be ‘Remember last view’, ‘Table view’ or ‘Form view’.
  • Attribute table row cache. This row cache makesit possible to save the last loaded N attribute rows so that working with theattribute table will be quicker. The cache will be deleted when closing theattribute table.
  • Representation for NULL values. Here, you can define a value fordata fields containing a NULL value.

Tip

Improve opening of big data attribute table

When working with layers with big amount of records, opening the attribute tablemay be slow as the dialog request all the rows in the layer. Setting theAttribute table behavior to Show features visible on map willmake QGIS request only the features in the current map canvas when opening thetable, allowing a quick data loading.

Note that data in this attribute table instance will be always tied to the canvasextent it was opened with, meaning that selecting Show All Features withinsuch a table will not display new features. You can however update the set ofdisplayed features by changing the canvas extent and selecting Show FeaturesVisible On Map option in the attribute table.

Data source handling

  • Scan for valid items in the browser dock. You canchoose between ‘Check extension’ and ‘Check file contents’.
  • Scan for contents of compressed files (.zip) in browser dock. ‘No’, ‘Basic scan’ and ‘Full scan’ are possible.
  • Prompt for raster sublayers when opening. Some rasters supportsublayers — they are called subdatasets in GDAL. An example is netCDF files— if there are many netCDF variables, GDAL sees every variable as asubdataset. The option allows you to control how to deal with sublayers when a filewith sublayers is opened. You have the following choices:
    • ‘Always’: Always ask (if there are existing sublayers)
    • ‘If needed’: Ask if layer has no bands, but has sublayers
    • ‘Never’: Never prompt, will not load anything
    • ‘Load all’: Never prompt, but load all sublayers
  • Ignore shapefile encoding declaration. If a shapefilehas encoding information, this will be ignored by QGIS.
  • Add PostGIS layers with double click and select inextended mode
  • Add Oracle layers with double click and select inextended mode
  • Execute expressions on server-side if possible

Hidden Browser Path

This widget lists all the folder you chose to hide from the Browser panel.Removing a folder from the list will make it available in the Browser panel.

Rendering behavior

  • By default new layers added to the map should be displayed
  • Use render caching where possible to speed up redraws
  • Render layers in parallel using many CPU cores
  • Max cores to use
  • Map update interval (default to 250 ms)
  • Enable feature simplification by default for newly added layers
  • Simplification threshold
  • Simplification algorithm: This option performs a local“on-the-fly” simplification on feature’s and speeds up geometry rendering. Itdoesn’t change the geometry fetched from the data providers. This is importantwhen you have expressions that use the feature geometry (e.g. calculation ofarea) - it ensures that these calculations are done on the original geometry,not on the simplified one. For this purpose, QGIS provides three algorithms:‘Distance’ (default), ‘SnapToGrid’ and ‘Visvalingam’.
  • Simplify on provider side if possible: the geometriesare simplified by the provider (PostGIS, Oracle..) and unlike thelocal-side simplification, geometry-based calculations may be affected
  • Maximum scale at which the layer should be simplified
  • Magnification level (see the magnifier)

Note

Besides the global setting, feature simplification can be set for anyspecific layer from its Layer properties ‣ Rendering menu.

Rendering quality

  • Make lines appear less jagged at the expense of somedrawing performance

Curve segmentation

  • Segmentation tolerance: this setting controls the way circular arcsare rendered. The smaller maximum angle (between the two consecutive verticesand the curve center, in degrees) or maximum difference (distance between thesegment of the two vertices and the curve line, in map units), the morestraight line segments will be used during rendering.

  • Tolerance type: it can be ‘Maximum angle’ or ‘Maximum distance’

    Rasters

  • With RGB band selection, you can define the number for the Red,Green and Blue band.

Contrast enhancement

  • Single band gray. A single band gray can have‘No stretch’, ‘Stretch to MinMax’, ‘Stretch and Clip to MinMax’ and also‘Clip to MinMax’.
  • Multi band color (byte/band). Options are ‘No stretch’,‘Stretch to MinMax’, ‘Stretch and Clip to MinMax’ and ‘Clip to MinMax’.
  • Multi band color (>byte/band). Options are ‘No stretch’,‘Stretch to MinMax’, ‘Stretch and Clip to MinMax’ and ‘Clip to MinMax’.
  • Limits (minimum/maximum). Options are‘Cumulative pixel count cut’, ‘Minimum/Maximum’, ‘Mean +/- standard deviation’.
  • Cumulative pixel count cut limits
  • Standard deviation multiplier

Debugging

  • Map canvas refresh

This menu allows you to add some custom color that you can find in each color dialogwindow of the renderers. You will see a set of predefined colors in the tab: you candelete or edit all of them. Moreover you can add the color you want and perform some copyand paste operations. Finally you can export the color set as a gpl file or importthem.

Default map appearance (overridden by project properties)

  • Define a Selection color and a Background color.

Layer legend

  • Double click action in legend. You can either‘Open layer properties’, ‘Open attribute table’ or ‘Open layer styling dock’with the double click.
  • The following Legend item styles are possible:
    • Capitalise layer names
    • Bold layer names
    • Bold group names
    • Display classification attribute names
    • Create raster icons (may be slow)
    • you can also set the WMS getLegendGraphic Resolution

This tab offers some options regarding the behavior of the Identify tool.

  • Search radius for identifying and displaying map tips is a tolerancedistance within which the identify tool will depict resultsas long as you click within this tolerance.
  • Highlight color allows you to choose with which color should features beingidentified be highlighted.
  • Buffer determines a buffer distanceto be rendered from the outline of the identify highlight.
  • Minimum width determines how thick shouldthe outline of a highlighted object be.

Measure tool

  • Define Rubberband color for measure tools
  • Define Decimal places
  • Keep base unit to not automatically convert large numbers(e.g., meters to kilometers)
  • Preferred distance units (‘Meters’, ‘Kilometers’, ‘Feet’,‘Yards’, ‘Miles’, ‘Nautical Miles’, ‘Degrees’ or ‘Map Units’ )
  • Preferred area units (‘Square meters’, ‘Squarekilometers’, ‘Square feet’, ‘Square yards’, ‘Square miles’, ‘Hectares’,‘Acres’, ‘Square nautical miles’, ‘Square degrees” or ‘Map Units’)
  • Preferred angle units (‘Degrees’, ‘Radians’, ‘Gon/gradians’,‘Minutes of arc’, ‘Seconds of arc’ or ‘Turns/revolutions’)

Panning and zooming

  • Define a Zoom factor for zoom tools or wheel mouse

Predefined scales

Here, you find a list of predefined scales. With the and buttons you can add or remove your personal scales.You can also import or export scales from/to a .XML file. Note that you still havethe possibility to remove your changes and reset to the predefined list.

Composition defaults

You can define the Default font used within the print composer.

Grid appearance

  • Define the Grid style (‘Solid’, ‘Dots’, ‘Crosses’)
  • Define the Grid color

Grid and guide defaults

  • Define the Grid spacing
  • Define the Grid offset for x and y
  • Define the Snap tolerance

Composer Paths

  • Define Path(s) to search for extra print templates: a list of folderswith custom composer templates to use while creating new one.

This tab helps you configure general settings when editing vector layer (attributes and geometry).

Feature creation

  • Suppress attribute form pop-up after feature creation
  • Reuse last entered attribute values
  • Validate geometries. Editing complex lines and polygons with manynodes can result in very slow rendering. This is because the defaultvalidation procedures in QGIS can take a lot of time. To speed up rendering, itis possible to select GEOS geometry validation (starting from GEOS 3.3) or toswitch it off. GEOS geometry validation is much faster, but the disadvantageis that only the first geometry problem will be reported.

Rubberband

  • Define Rubberband Line width, Line colorand Fill color
  • Don’t update rubberband during node editing

Snapping

  • Open snapping options in a dock window (QGIS restart required)
  • Define Default snap mode (‘To vertex’, ‘To segment’,‘To vertex and segment’, ‘Off’)
  • Define Default snapping tolerance in map units or pixels
  • Define the Search radius for vertex edits in map units or pixels

Vertex markers

  • Show markers only for selected features
  • Define vertex Marker style (‘Cross’ (default), ‘Semitransparent circle’ or ‘None’)
  • Define vertex Marker size
3.10.2

Curve offset tool

The next 3 options refer to the Offset Curve tool inAdvanced digitizing. Through the various settings, it is possible toinfluence the shape of the line offset. These options are possible startingfrom GEOS 3.3.

  • Join style: ‘Round’, ‘Mitre’ or ‘Bevel’
  • Quadrant segments
  • Miter limit

GDAL is a data exchange library for raster files. In this tab, you canEdit create options and Edit Pyramids Options of theraster formats. You can define which GDAL driver is to be used for a rasterformat, as in some cases more than one GDAL driver is available.

Default CRS for new projects

  • Don’t enable ‘on the fly’ reprojection
  • Automatically enable ‘on the fly’ reprojection iflayers have different CRS
  • Enable ‘on the fly’ reprojection by default
  • Select a CRS and Always start new projects with this CRS

CRS for new layers

This area allows you to define the action to take when a new layer is created,or when a layer without a CRS is loaded.

  • Prompt for CRS
  • Use project CRS
  • Use default CRS

Default datum transformations

  • Ask for datum transformation when no default is defined

  • With the ‘on-the-fly’ CRS transformation enabled and the above option checked,adding layers of different CRS opens the Select datum transformationsdialog. This offers you to select the most appropriate transformation settings.Validating this dialog with the ‘Remember selection’ option checked populatesthe table under CRS ‣ Default datum transformations withinformation about ‘Source CRS’ and ‘Destination CRS’ as well as ‘Source datumtransform’ and ‘Destination datum transform’. From now, QGIS automaticallyuses the selected datum transformation for further transformation betweenthese two CRSs until you remove it from the list.

    You can use the button to add a datum transformation if you knowits parameters (source and destination ellipsoids and the numbers from thetransformation table). You then need to manually enter each setting.

Note

For more information on how QGIS handles layers projection, pleaseread the dedicated section at Working with Projections.

  • Override system locale and Locale to use instead
  • Information about active system locale

In the Authentication tab you can set authentication configurationsand manage PKI certificates. See Authentication System for moredetails.

General

  • Define WMS search address, default ishttp://geopole.org/wms/search?search=%1&type=rss
  • Define Timeout for network requests (ms) - default is 60000
  • Define Default expiration period for WMS Capabilities (hours) - default is 24
  • Define Default expiration period for WMSC/WMTS tiles (hours) - default is 24
  • Define Max retry in case of tile or feature request errors
  • Define User-Agent

Cache settings

Define the Directory and a Size for the cache.

  • Use proxy for web access and define ‘Host’, ‘Port’, ‘User’,and ‘Password’.
  • Set the Proxy type according to your needs.
    • Default Proxy: Proxy is determined based on the applicationproxy set using
    • Socks5Proxy: Generic proxy for any kind of connection.Supports TCP, UDP, binding to a port (incoming connections) and authentication.
    • HttpProxy: Implemented using the “CONNECT” command, supportsonly outgoing TCP connections; supports authentication.
    • HttpCachingProxy: Implemented using normal HTTP commands, itis useful only in the context of HTTP requests.
    • FtpCachingProxy: Implemented using an FTP proxy, it isuseful only in the context of FTP requests.

Excluding some URLs can be added to the text box below the proxy settings (seeFigure_Network_Tab).

If you need more detailed information about the different proxy settings,please refer to the manual of the underlying QT library documentation athttp://doc.qt.io/qt-4.8/qnetworkproxy.html#ProxyType-enum

Tip

Using Proxies

Using proxies can sometimes be tricky. It is useful to proceed by ‘trial anderror’ with the above proxy types, to check if they succeed in your case.

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The Variables tab lists all the variables available at theglobal-level.

It also allows the user to manage global-level variables. Click the button to add a new custom global-level variable. Likewise, select a customglobal-level variable from the list and click the button to removeit.

More information about variables in the Variablessection.

Depending on your OS, all the settings related to QGIS (UI, tools, data providers,default values, plugins options..) are saved:

  • in a text file: $HOME/.config/QGIS/QGIS2.conf
  • in the properties list file: $HOME/Library/Preferences/org.qgis.qgis.plist
  • in the registry under: HKEYCURRENT_USERSoftwareQGISqgis

The Advanced tab offers you in a single place, regardless your OS,means to manage these settings through the Advanced Settings Editor.After you promise to be careful,the widget is populated with a tree of all QGIS settings, which you can directly edit.

Warning

Avoid using the Advanced tab settings blindly

Be careful while modifying items in this dialog given that changes areautomatically applied. Doing changes without knowledge can break yourQGIS installation in various ways.

In the properties window for the project under Project ‣Project Properties (or Settings ‣ Project Properties),you can set project-specific options.

The project-specific options overwrite their equivalent in the optionsdescribed above.

  • In the General tab, the general settings let you:

    • give a title to the project beside the project file path
    • choose the color to use for features when they are selected
    • choose the background color: the color to use for the map canvas
    • set whether the path to layers in the project should be saved as absolute(full) or as relative to the project file location. You may preferrelative path when both layers and project files can be moved or sharedor if the project is accessed from computers on different platforms.
    • choose to avoid artifacts when project is rendered as map tiles. Note thatchecking this option can lead to performance degradation.

    Calculating areas and distances is a common need in GIS. However, these valuesare really tied to the underlying projection settings. The Measurementsframe lets you control these parameters. You can indeed choose:

    • the ellipsoid to use: it can be an existing one, a custom one(you’ll need to set values of the semi-major and semi-minor axis)or None/Planimetric.
    • the units for distance measurements for length and perimeter andthe units for area measurements. These settings, which defaultto the units set in QGIS options but then overrides it for the current project,are used in:
      • Attribute table field update bar
      • Field calculator calculations
      • Identify tool derived length, perimeter and area values
      • Default unit shown in measure dialog

    The Coordinate display allows you to choose and customize the format of unitsto use to display the mouse coordinate in the status bar and the derived coordinatesshown via the identify tool.

    Finally, you can define a project scale list, which overrides the globalpredefined scales.

  • The CRS tab enables you to choose the Coordinate ReferenceSystem for this project, and to enable on-the-fly re-projection of raster andvector layers when displaying layers from a different CRS. For more informationon projection’s handling in QGIS, please read Working with Projections section.

  • With the Identify layers tab, you set (or disable) whichlayers will respond to the identify tool. By default, layersare set queryable.

    You can also set whether a layer should appear as read-only, meaning thatit can not be edited by the user, regardless of the data provider’scapabilities. Although this is a weak protection, it remains a quick and handyconfiguration to avoid end-users modifying data when working with file-based layers.

  • The Default Styles tab lets you control how new layers will bedrawn when they do not have an existing .qml style defined. You canalso set the default transparency level for new layers and whether symbolsshould have random colors assigned to them.There is also an additional section where you can define specific colors for therunning project. You can find the added colors in the drop down menu of the color dialogwindow present in each renderer.

  • The tab OWS Server allows you to configure your project in orderto publish it online. Here you can define information about the QGISServer WMS and WFS capabilities, extent and CRS restrictions. More informationavailable in section Prepare a project to serve and subsequent.

  • The Macros tab is used to edit Python macros for projects. Currently,only three macros are available: openProject(), saveProject() andcloseProject().

Macro settings in QGIS

  • The Relations tab is used to define 1:n relations. The relationsare defined in the project properties dialog. Once relations exist for a layer,a new user interface element in the form view (e.g. when identifying a featureand opening its form) will list the related entities. This provides a powerfulway to express e.g. the inspection history on a length of pipeline or road segment.You can find out more about 1:n relations support in Section Creating one or many to many relations.
  • In the Data Sources tab, you can:
    • Evaluate default values on provider side: When addingnew features in a PostGreSQL table, fields with default value constraint areevaluated and populated at the form opening, and not at the commit moment.This means that instead of an expression like nextval('serial'), the fieldin the Add Feature form will display expected value (e.g., 25).
    • Automatically create transaction groups where possible:When this mode is turned on, all(postgres) layers from the same database are synchronised in their edit state,i.e. when one layer is put into edit state, all are, when one layer is committedor one layer is rolled back, so are the others. Also, instead of buffering editchanges locally, they are directly sent to a transaction in the database whichgets committed when the user clicks save layer.Note that you can (de)activate this option only if no layer is being editedin the project.
  • The Variables tab lists all the variables available atthe project’s level (which includes all global variables). Besides, italso allows the user to manage project-level variables. Click the button to add a new custom project-level variable. Likewise, select a customproject-level variable from the list and click the button toremove it.More information on variables usage in the General ToolsVariables section.

The customization dialog lets you (de)activate almost every element in the QGISuser interface. This can be very useful if you want to provide your end-users with a‘light’ version of QGIS, containing only the icons, menus or panels they need.

Note

Before your changes are applied, you need to restart QGIS.

Ticking the Enable customization checkbox is the first stepon the way to QGIS customization. This enables the toolbar and the widgetpanel from which you can uncheck and thus disable some GUI items.

The configurable item can be:

  • a Menu or some of its sub-menus from the Menu Bar
  • a whole Panel (see Panels and Toolbars)
  • the Status bar described in Status Bar or some of its items
  • a Toolbar: the whole bar or some of its icons
  • or any widget from any dialog in QGIS: label, button, combobox..

With Switch to catching widgets in main application, youcan click on an item in QGIS interface that you want to be hidden andQGIS automatically unchecks the corresponding entry in the Customization dialog.

Once you setup your configuration, click [Apply] or [Ok] to validate yourchanges. This configuration becomes the one used by default by QGIS at the next startup.

The modifications can also be saved in a .ini file using Save To File button. This is a handy way to share a common QGISinterface among multiple users. Just click on Load from Filefrom the destination computer in order to import the .ini file.You can also run command line tools and save varioussetups for different use cases as well.

Tip

Easily restore predefined QGIS

The initial QGIS GUI configuration can be restored by one of the methods below:

  • unchecking Enable customization option in theCustomization dialog or click the Check All button
  • pressing the [Reset] button in the QSettings frame underSettings ‣ Options menu, System tab
  • launching QGIS at a command prompt with the following command lineqgis--nocustomization
  • setting to false the value of UI ‣ Customization ‣Enabled variable under Settings ‣ Options menu,Advanced tab (see the warning).

In most cases, you need to restart QGIS in order to have the change applied.

QGIS provides default keyboard shortcuts for many features. You can find them insection Menu Bar. Additionally, the menu optionSettings ‣ Configure Shortcuts.. allows you to change the defaultkeyboard shortcuts and add new keyboard shortcuts to QGIS features.

Configuration is very simple. Just select a feature from the list and click on :

  • [Change] and press the new combination you want to assign as new shortcut
  • [Set none] to clear any assigned shortcut
  • or [Set default] to backup the shortcut to its original and default value.

Proceed as above for any other tools you wish to customize. Once you havefinished your configuration, simply [Close] the dialog to have your changesapplied. You can also [Save] the changes as an .XML fileand [Load] them into another QGIS installation.

Popular Posts

  • For the longest time, the focus of online casinos and software providers was on. Resizer For Mac Boxy Svg 3.10.2 Scalable Vector Graphics Editor For Mac.

    ` `

    • Options

    QGIS is highly configurable through the Settings menu. Choosebetween Options, Project Properties and Customization.

    Note

    QGIS follows desktop guidelines for the location of options and projectproperties item. Consequently related to the OS you are using, location of someof items described below could be in the Projector the Settings menu.

    This download contains an improved version of the driver for Creative Live!® Cam Notebook. It adds support for Microsoft® Windows® 7. For more details, read the rest of this web release note. Creative live cam notebook pro.

    Some basic options for QGIS can be selected using theOptions dialog. Select the menu option Settings ‣Options.You can modify the options according to your needs. Some of the changes mayrequire a restart of QGIS before they will be effective.

    The tabs where you can customize your options are described below.

    Application

    • Select the Style (QGIS restart required) and choosebetween ‘Oxygen’, ‘Windows’, ‘Motif’, ‘CDE’, ‘Plastique’ and ‘Cleanlooks’.
    • Define the Icon theme. It can be ‘default’ or ‘Night Mapping’.
    • Define the Icon size.
    • Define the Font and its Size. The font can be Qt default or a user-defined one.
    • Change the Timeout for timed messages or dialogs.
    • Hide splash screen at startup
    • Show tips at startup
    • Check QGIS version at startup to keep you informedif a newer version is released
    • QGIS-styled group boxes
    • Use native color chooser dialogs (see Color Selector)
    • Use live-updating color chooser dialogs (see Color Selector)
    • Canvas rotation support (restart required)

    Project files

    • Open project on launch (choose between ‘New’,‘Most recent’, ‘Welcome Page’, and ‘Specific’). When choosing ‘Specific’ usethe to define the project to use by default. The ‘Welcome Page’displays a list of recent projects with screenshot.
    • Create new project from default project. You have thepossibility to press on Set current project as default or onReset default. You can browse through your files and define adirectory where you find your user-defined project templates. This will beadded to Project ‣ New From Template. If you first activateCreate new project from default project and then savea project in the project templates folder.
    • Prompt to save project and data source changes whenrequired
    • Prompt for confirmation when a layer is to be removed
    • Warn when opening a project file saved with an olderversion of QGIS
    • Enable macros. This option was created to handlemacros that are written to perform an action on project events. You canchoose between ‘Never’, ‘Ask’, ‘For this session only’ and‘Always (not recommended)’.

    SVG paths

    Add or Remove Path(s) to search for Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG)symbols. These SVG files are then available to symbolize features ordecorate your map composition.

    Plugin paths

    Add or Remove Path(s) to search for additional C++plugin libraries

    QSettings

    It helps you Reset user interface to default settings (restart required)if you made any customization.

    Environment

    System environment variables can now be viewed, and many configured, in theEnvironment group (see figure_environment_variables). This is useful forplatforms, such as Mac, where a GUI application does not necessarily inheritthe user’s shell environment. It’s also useful for setting and viewing environmentvariables for the external tool sets controlled by the Processing toolbox (e.g.,SAGA, GRASS), and for turning on debugging output for specific sections of thesource code.

    • Use custom variables (restart required - include separators).You can [Add] and [Remove] variables. Already-defined environmentvariables are displayed in Current environment variables, and it’spossible to filter them by activatingShow only QGIS-specific variables.

    Feature attributes and table

    • Open attribute table in a dock window
    • Copy features as ‘Plain text, no geometry’, ‘Plain text, WKT geometry’,or ‘GeoJSON’ when pasting features in other applications.
    • Attribute table behavior: set filter on the attributetable at the opening. There are three possibilities: ‘Show all features’,‘Show selected features’ and ‘Show features visible on map’.
    • Default view: define the view mode of the attribute table at everyopening. It can be ‘Remember last view’, ‘Table view’ or ‘Form view’.
    • Attribute table row cache. This row cache makesit possible to save the last loaded N attribute rows so that working with theattribute table will be quicker. The cache will be deleted when closing theattribute table.
    • Representation for NULL values. Here, you can define a value fordata fields containing a NULL value.

    Tip

    Improve opening of big data attribute table

    When working with layers with big amount of records, opening the attribute tablemay be slow as the dialog request all the rows in the layer. Setting theAttribute table behavior to Show features visible on map willmake QGIS request only the features in the current map canvas when opening thetable, allowing a quick data loading.

    Note that data in this attribute table instance will be always tied to the canvasextent it was opened with, meaning that selecting Show All Features withinsuch a table will not display new features. You can however update the set ofdisplayed features by changing the canvas extent and selecting Show FeaturesVisible On Map option in the attribute table.

    Data source handling

    • Scan for valid items in the browser dock. You canchoose between ‘Check extension’ and ‘Check file contents’.
    • Scan for contents of compressed files (.zip) in browser dock. ‘No’, ‘Basic scan’ and ‘Full scan’ are possible.
    • Prompt for raster sublayers when opening. Some rasters supportsublayers — they are called subdatasets in GDAL. An example is netCDF files— if there are many netCDF variables, GDAL sees every variable as asubdataset. The option allows you to control how to deal with sublayers when a filewith sublayers is opened. You have the following choices:
      • ‘Always’: Always ask (if there are existing sublayers)
      • ‘If needed’: Ask if layer has no bands, but has sublayers
      • ‘Never’: Never prompt, will not load anything
      • ‘Load all’: Never prompt, but load all sublayers
    • Ignore shapefile encoding declaration. If a shapefilehas encoding information, this will be ignored by QGIS.
    • Add PostGIS layers with double click and select inextended mode
    • Add Oracle layers with double click and select inextended mode
    • Execute expressions on server-side if possible

    Hidden Browser Path

    This widget lists all the folder you chose to hide from the Browser panel.Removing a folder from the list will make it available in the Browser panel.

    Rendering behavior

    • By default new layers added to the map should be displayed
    • Use render caching where possible to speed up redraws
    • Render layers in parallel using many CPU cores
    • Max cores to use
    • Map update interval (default to 250 ms)
    • Enable feature simplification by default for newly added layers
    • Simplification threshold
    • Simplification algorithm: This option performs a local“on-the-fly” simplification on feature’s and speeds up geometry rendering. Itdoesn’t change the geometry fetched from the data providers. This is importantwhen you have expressions that use the feature geometry (e.g. calculation ofarea) - it ensures that these calculations are done on the original geometry,not on the simplified one. For this purpose, QGIS provides three algorithms:‘Distance’ (default), ‘SnapToGrid’ and ‘Visvalingam’.
    • Simplify on provider side if possible: the geometriesare simplified by the provider (PostGIS, Oracle..) and unlike thelocal-side simplification, geometry-based calculations may be affected
    • Maximum scale at which the layer should be simplified
    • Magnification level (see the magnifier)

    Note

    Besides the global setting, feature simplification can be set for anyspecific layer from its Layer properties ‣ Rendering menu.

    Rendering quality

    • Make lines appear less jagged at the expense of somedrawing performance

    Curve segmentation

    • Segmentation tolerance: this setting controls the way circular arcsare rendered. The smaller maximum angle (between the two consecutive verticesand the curve center, in degrees) or maximum difference (distance between thesegment of the two vertices and the curve line, in map units), the morestraight line segments will be used during rendering.

    • Tolerance type: it can be ‘Maximum angle’ or ‘Maximum distance’

      Rasters

    • With RGB band selection, you can define the number for the Red,Green and Blue band.

    Contrast enhancement

    • Single band gray. A single band gray can have‘No stretch’, ‘Stretch to MinMax’, ‘Stretch and Clip to MinMax’ and also‘Clip to MinMax’.
    • Multi band color (byte/band). Options are ‘No stretch’,‘Stretch to MinMax’, ‘Stretch and Clip to MinMax’ and ‘Clip to MinMax’.
    • Multi band color (>byte/band). Options are ‘No stretch’,‘Stretch to MinMax’, ‘Stretch and Clip to MinMax’ and ‘Clip to MinMax’.
    • Limits (minimum/maximum). Options are‘Cumulative pixel count cut’, ‘Minimum/Maximum’, ‘Mean +/- standard deviation’.
    • Cumulative pixel count cut limits
    • Standard deviation multiplier

    Debugging

    • Map canvas refresh

    This menu allows you to add some custom color that you can find in each color dialogwindow of the renderers. You will see a set of predefined colors in the tab: you candelete or edit all of them. Moreover you can add the color you want and perform some copyand paste operations. Finally you can export the color set as a gpl file or importthem.

    Default map appearance (overridden by project properties)

    • Define a Selection color and a Background color.

    Layer legend

    • Double click action in legend. You can either‘Open layer properties’, ‘Open attribute table’ or ‘Open layer styling dock’with the double click.
    • The following Legend item styles are possible:
      • Capitalise layer names
      • Bold layer names
      • Bold group names
      • Display classification attribute names
      • Create raster icons (may be slow)
      • you can also set the WMS getLegendGraphic Resolution

    This tab offers some options regarding the behavior of the Identify tool.

    • Search radius for identifying and displaying map tips is a tolerancedistance within which the identify tool will depict resultsas long as you click within this tolerance.
    • Highlight color allows you to choose with which color should features beingidentified be highlighted.
    • Buffer determines a buffer distanceto be rendered from the outline of the identify highlight.
    • Minimum width determines how thick shouldthe outline of a highlighted object be.

    Measure tool

    • Define Rubberband color for measure tools
    • Define Decimal places
    • Keep base unit to not automatically convert large numbers(e.g., meters to kilometers)
    • Preferred distance units (‘Meters’, ‘Kilometers’, ‘Feet’,‘Yards’, ‘Miles’, ‘Nautical Miles’, ‘Degrees’ or ‘Map Units’ )
    • Preferred area units (‘Square meters’, ‘Squarekilometers’, ‘Square feet’, ‘Square yards’, ‘Square miles’, ‘Hectares’,‘Acres’, ‘Square nautical miles’, ‘Square degrees” or ‘Map Units’)
    • Preferred angle units (‘Degrees’, ‘Radians’, ‘Gon/gradians’,‘Minutes of arc’, ‘Seconds of arc’ or ‘Turns/revolutions’)

    Panning and zooming

    • Define a Zoom factor for zoom tools or wheel mouse

    Predefined scales

    Here, you find a list of predefined scales. With the and buttons you can add or remove your personal scales.You can also import or export scales from/to a .XML file. Note that you still havethe possibility to remove your changes and reset to the predefined list.

    Composition defaults

    You can define the Default font used within the print composer.

    Grid appearance

    • Define the Grid style (‘Solid’, ‘Dots’, ‘Crosses’)
    • Define the Grid color

    Grid and guide defaults

    • Define the Grid spacing
    • Define the Grid offset for x and y
    • Define the Snap tolerance

    Composer Paths

    • Define Path(s) to search for extra print templates: a list of folderswith custom composer templates to use while creating new one.

    This tab helps you configure general settings when editing vector layer (attributes and geometry).

    Feature creation

    • Suppress attribute form pop-up after feature creation
    • Reuse last entered attribute values
    • Validate geometries. Editing complex lines and polygons with manynodes can result in very slow rendering. This is because the defaultvalidation procedures in QGIS can take a lot of time. To speed up rendering, itis possible to select GEOS geometry validation (starting from GEOS 3.3) or toswitch it off. GEOS geometry validation is much faster, but the disadvantageis that only the first geometry problem will be reported.

    Rubberband

    • Define Rubberband Line width, Line colorand Fill color
    • Don’t update rubberband during node editing

    Snapping

    • Open snapping options in a dock window (QGIS restart required)
    • Define Default snap mode (‘To vertex’, ‘To segment’,‘To vertex and segment’, ‘Off’)
    • Define Default snapping tolerance in map units or pixels
    • Define the Search radius for vertex edits in map units or pixels

    Vertex markers

    • Show markers only for selected features
    • Define vertex Marker style (‘Cross’ (default), ‘Semitransparent circle’ or ‘None’)
    • Define vertex Marker size
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    Curve offset tool

    The next 3 options refer to the Offset Curve tool inAdvanced digitizing. Through the various settings, it is possible toinfluence the shape of the line offset. These options are possible startingfrom GEOS 3.3.

    • Join style: ‘Round’, ‘Mitre’ or ‘Bevel’
    • Quadrant segments
    • Miter limit

    GDAL is a data exchange library for raster files. In this tab, you canEdit create options and Edit Pyramids Options of theraster formats. You can define which GDAL driver is to be used for a rasterformat, as in some cases more than one GDAL driver is available.

    Default CRS for new projects

    • Don’t enable ‘on the fly’ reprojection
    • Automatically enable ‘on the fly’ reprojection iflayers have different CRS
    • Enable ‘on the fly’ reprojection by default
    • Select a CRS and Always start new projects with this CRS

    CRS for new layers

    This area allows you to define the action to take when a new layer is created,or when a layer without a CRS is loaded.

    • Prompt for CRS
    • Use project CRS
    • Use default CRS

    Default datum transformations

    • Ask for datum transformation when no default is defined

    • With the ‘on-the-fly’ CRS transformation enabled and the above option checked,adding layers of different CRS opens the Select datum transformationsdialog. This offers you to select the most appropriate transformation settings.Validating this dialog with the ‘Remember selection’ option checked populatesthe table under CRS ‣ Default datum transformations withinformation about ‘Source CRS’ and ‘Destination CRS’ as well as ‘Source datumtransform’ and ‘Destination datum transform’. From now, QGIS automaticallyuses the selected datum transformation for further transformation betweenthese two CRSs until you remove it from the list.

      You can use the button to add a datum transformation if you knowits parameters (source and destination ellipsoids and the numbers from thetransformation table). You then need to manually enter each setting.

    Note

    For more information on how QGIS handles layers projection, pleaseread the dedicated section at Working with Projections.

    • Override system locale and Locale to use instead
    • Information about active system locale

    In the Authentication tab you can set authentication configurationsand manage PKI certificates. See Authentication System for moredetails.

    General

    • Define WMS search address, default ishttp://geopole.org/wms/search?search=%1&type=rss
    • Define Timeout for network requests (ms) - default is 60000
    • Define Default expiration period for WMS Capabilities (hours) - default is 24
    • Define Default expiration period for WMSC/WMTS tiles (hours) - default is 24
    • Define Max retry in case of tile or feature request errors
    • Define User-Agent

    Cache settings

    Define the Directory and a Size for the cache.

    • Use proxy for web access and define ‘Host’, ‘Port’, ‘User’,and ‘Password’.
    • Set the Proxy type according to your needs.
      • Default Proxy: Proxy is determined based on the applicationproxy set using
      • Socks5Proxy: Generic proxy for any kind of connection.Supports TCP, UDP, binding to a port (incoming connections) and authentication.
      • HttpProxy: Implemented using the “CONNECT” command, supportsonly outgoing TCP connections; supports authentication.
      • HttpCachingProxy: Implemented using normal HTTP commands, itis useful only in the context of HTTP requests.
      • FtpCachingProxy: Implemented using an FTP proxy, it isuseful only in the context of FTP requests.

    Excluding some URLs can be added to the text box below the proxy settings (seeFigure_Network_Tab).

    If you need more detailed information about the different proxy settings,please refer to the manual of the underlying QT library documentation athttp://doc.qt.io/qt-4.8/qnetworkproxy.html#ProxyType-enum

    Tip

    Using Proxies

    Using proxies can sometimes be tricky. It is useful to proceed by ‘trial anderror’ with the above proxy types, to check if they succeed in your case.

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    The Variables tab lists all the variables available at theglobal-level.

    It also allows the user to manage global-level variables. Click the button to add a new custom global-level variable. Likewise, select a customglobal-level variable from the list and click the button to removeit.

    More information about variables in the Variablessection.

    Depending on your OS, all the settings related to QGIS (UI, tools, data providers,default values, plugins options..) are saved:

    • in a text file: $HOME/.config/QGIS/QGIS2.conf
    • in the properties list file: $HOME/Library/Preferences/org.qgis.qgis.plist
    • in the registry under: HKEYCURRENT_USERSoftwareQGISqgis

    The Advanced tab offers you in a single place, regardless your OS,means to manage these settings through the Advanced Settings Editor.After you promise to be careful,the widget is populated with a tree of all QGIS settings, which you can directly edit.

    Warning

    Avoid using the Advanced tab settings blindly

    Be careful while modifying items in this dialog given that changes areautomatically applied. Doing changes without knowledge can break yourQGIS installation in various ways.

    In the properties window for the project under Project ‣Project Properties (or Settings ‣ Project Properties),you can set project-specific options.

    The project-specific options overwrite their equivalent in the optionsdescribed above.

    • In the General tab, the general settings let you:

      • give a title to the project beside the project file path
      • choose the color to use for features when they are selected
      • choose the background color: the color to use for the map canvas
      • set whether the path to layers in the project should be saved as absolute(full) or as relative to the project file location. You may preferrelative path when both layers and project files can be moved or sharedor if the project is accessed from computers on different platforms.
      • choose to avoid artifacts when project is rendered as map tiles. Note thatchecking this option can lead to performance degradation.

      Calculating areas and distances is a common need in GIS. However, these valuesare really tied to the underlying projection settings. The Measurementsframe lets you control these parameters. You can indeed choose:

      • the ellipsoid to use: it can be an existing one, a custom one(you’ll need to set values of the semi-major and semi-minor axis)or None/Planimetric.
      • the units for distance measurements for length and perimeter andthe units for area measurements. These settings, which defaultto the units set in QGIS options but then overrides it for the current project,are used in:
        • Attribute table field update bar
        • Field calculator calculations
        • Identify tool derived length, perimeter and area values
        • Default unit shown in measure dialog

      The Coordinate display allows you to choose and customize the format of unitsto use to display the mouse coordinate in the status bar and the derived coordinatesshown via the identify tool.

      Finally, you can define a project scale list, which overrides the globalpredefined scales.

    • The CRS tab enables you to choose the Coordinate ReferenceSystem for this project, and to enable on-the-fly re-projection of raster andvector layers when displaying layers from a different CRS. For more informationon projection’s handling in QGIS, please read Working with Projections section.

    • With the Identify layers tab, you set (or disable) whichlayers will respond to the identify tool. By default, layersare set queryable.

      You can also set whether a layer should appear as read-only, meaning thatit can not be edited by the user, regardless of the data provider’scapabilities. Although this is a weak protection, it remains a quick and handyconfiguration to avoid end-users modifying data when working with file-based layers.

    • The Default Styles tab lets you control how new layers will bedrawn when they do not have an existing .qml style defined. You canalso set the default transparency level for new layers and whether symbolsshould have random colors assigned to them.There is also an additional section where you can define specific colors for therunning project. You can find the added colors in the drop down menu of the color dialogwindow present in each renderer.

    • The tab OWS Server allows you to configure your project in orderto publish it online. Here you can define information about the QGISServer WMS and WFS capabilities, extent and CRS restrictions. More informationavailable in section Prepare a project to serve and subsequent.

    • The Macros tab is used to edit Python macros for projects. Currently,only three macros are available: openProject(), saveProject() andcloseProject().

    Macro settings in QGIS

    • The Relations tab is used to define 1:n relations. The relationsare defined in the project properties dialog. Once relations exist for a layer,a new user interface element in the form view (e.g. when identifying a featureand opening its form) will list the related entities. This provides a powerfulway to express e.g. the inspection history on a length of pipeline or road segment.You can find out more about 1:n relations support in Section Creating one or many to many relations.
    • In the Data Sources tab, you can:
      • Evaluate default values on provider side: When addingnew features in a PostGreSQL table, fields with default value constraint areevaluated and populated at the form opening, and not at the commit moment.This means that instead of an expression like nextval(\'serial\'), the fieldin the Add Feature form will display expected value (e.g., 25).
      • Automatically create transaction groups where possible:When this mode is turned on, all(postgres) layers from the same database are synchronised in their edit state,i.e. when one layer is put into edit state, all are, when one layer is committedor one layer is rolled back, so are the others. Also, instead of buffering editchanges locally, they are directly sent to a transaction in the database whichgets committed when the user clicks save layer.Note that you can (de)activate this option only if no layer is being editedin the project.
    • The Variables tab lists all the variables available atthe project’s level (which includes all global variables). Besides, italso allows the user to manage project-level variables. Click the button to add a new custom project-level variable. Likewise, select a customproject-level variable from the list and click the button toremove it.More information on variables usage in the General ToolsVariables section.

    The customization dialog lets you (de)activate almost every element in the QGISuser interface. This can be very useful if you want to provide your end-users with a‘light’ version of QGIS, containing only the icons, menus or panels they need.

    Note

    Before your changes are applied, you need to restart QGIS.

    Ticking the Enable customization checkbox is the first stepon the way to QGIS customization. This enables the toolbar and the widgetpanel from which you can uncheck and thus disable some GUI items.

    The configurable item can be:

    • a Menu or some of its sub-menus from the Menu Bar
    • a whole Panel (see Panels and Toolbars)
    • the Status bar described in Status Bar or some of its items
    • a Toolbar: the whole bar or some of its icons
    • or any widget from any dialog in QGIS: label, button, combobox..

    With Switch to catching widgets in main application, youcan click on an item in QGIS interface that you want to be hidden andQGIS automatically unchecks the corresponding entry in the Customization dialog.

    Once you setup your configuration, click [Apply] or [Ok] to validate yourchanges. This configuration becomes the one used by default by QGIS at the next startup.

    The modifications can also be saved in a .ini file using Save To File button. This is a handy way to share a common QGISinterface among multiple users. Just click on Load from Filefrom the destination computer in order to import the .ini file.You can also run command line tools and save varioussetups for different use cases as well.

    Tip

    Easily restore predefined QGIS

    The initial QGIS GUI configuration can be restored by one of the methods below:

    • unchecking Enable customization option in theCustomization dialog or click the Check All button
    • pressing the [Reset] button in the QSettings frame underSettings ‣ Options menu, System tab
    • launching QGIS at a command prompt with the following command lineqgis--nocustomization
    • setting to false the value of UI ‣ Customization ‣Enabled variable under Settings ‣ Options menu,Advanced tab (see the warning).

    In most cases, you need to restart QGIS in order to have the change applied.

    QGIS provides default keyboard shortcuts for many features. You can find them insection Menu Bar. Additionally, the menu optionSettings ‣ Configure Shortcuts.. allows you to change the defaultkeyboard shortcuts and add new keyboard shortcuts to QGIS features.

    Configuration is very simple. Just select a feature from the list and click on :

    • [Change] and press the new combination you want to assign as new shortcut
    • [Set none] to clear any assigned shortcut
    • or [Set default] to backup the shortcut to its original and default value.

    Proceed as above for any other tools you wish to customize. Once you havefinished your configuration, simply [Close] the dialog to have your changesapplied. You can also [Save] the changes as an .XML fileand [Load] them into another QGIS installation.

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    • Options

    QGIS is highly configurable through the Settings menu. Choosebetween Options, Project Properties and Customization.

    Note

    QGIS follows desktop guidelines for the location of options and projectproperties item. Consequently related to the OS you are using, location of someof items described below could be in the Projector the Settings menu.

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    Some basic options for QGIS can be selected using theOptions dialog. Select the menu option Settings ‣Options.You can modify the options according to your needs. Some of the changes mayrequire a restart of QGIS before they will be effective.

    The tabs where you can customize your options are described below.

    Application

    • Select the Style (QGIS restart required) and choosebetween ‘Oxygen’, ‘Windows’, ‘Motif’, ‘CDE’, ‘Plastique’ and ‘Cleanlooks’.
    • Define the Icon theme. It can be ‘default’ or ‘Night Mapping’.
    • Define the Icon size.
    • Define the Font and its Size. The font can be Qt default or a user-defined one.
    • Change the Timeout for timed messages or dialogs.
    • Hide splash screen at startup
    • Show tips at startup
    • Check QGIS version at startup to keep you informedif a newer version is released
    • QGIS-styled group boxes
    • Use native color chooser dialogs (see Color Selector)
    • Use live-updating color chooser dialogs (see Color Selector)
    • Canvas rotation support (restart required)

    Project files

    • Open project on launch (choose between ‘New’,‘Most recent’, ‘Welcome Page’, and ‘Specific’). When choosing ‘Specific’ usethe to define the project to use by default. The ‘Welcome Page’displays a list of recent projects with screenshot.
    • Create new project from default project. You have thepossibility to press on Set current project as default or onReset default. You can browse through your files and define adirectory where you find your user-defined project templates. This will beadded to Project ‣ New From Template. If you first activateCreate new project from default project and then savea project in the project templates folder.
    • Prompt to save project and data source changes whenrequired
    • Prompt for confirmation when a layer is to be removed
    • Warn when opening a project file saved with an olderversion of QGIS
    • Enable macros. This option was created to handlemacros that are written to perform an action on project events. You canchoose between ‘Never’, ‘Ask’, ‘For this session only’ and‘Always (not recommended)’.

    SVG paths

    Add or Remove Path(s) to search for Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG)symbols. These SVG files are then available to symbolize features ordecorate your map composition.

    Plugin paths

    Add or Remove Path(s) to search for additional C++plugin libraries

    QSettings

    It helps you Reset user interface to default settings (restart required)if you made any customization.

    Environment

    System environment variables can now be viewed, and many configured, in theEnvironment group (see figure_environment_variables). This is useful forplatforms, such as Mac, where a GUI application does not necessarily inheritthe user’s shell environment. It’s also useful for setting and viewing environmentvariables for the external tool sets controlled by the Processing toolbox (e.g.,SAGA, GRASS), and for turning on debugging output for specific sections of thesource code.

    • Use custom variables (restart required - include separators).You can [Add] and [Remove] variables. Already-defined environmentvariables are displayed in Current environment variables, and it’spossible to filter them by activatingShow only QGIS-specific variables.

    Feature attributes and table

    • Open attribute table in a dock window
    • Copy features as ‘Plain text, no geometry’, ‘Plain text, WKT geometry’,or ‘GeoJSON’ when pasting features in other applications.
    • Attribute table behavior: set filter on the attributetable at the opening. There are three possibilities: ‘Show all features’,‘Show selected features’ and ‘Show features visible on map’.
    • Default view: define the view mode of the attribute table at everyopening. It can be ‘Remember last view’, ‘Table view’ or ‘Form view’.
    • Attribute table row cache. This row cache makesit possible to save the last loaded N attribute rows so that working with theattribute table will be quicker. The cache will be deleted when closing theattribute table.
    • Representation for NULL values. Here, you can define a value fordata fields containing a NULL value.

    Tip

    Improve opening of big data attribute table

    When working with layers with big amount of records, opening the attribute tablemay be slow as the dialog request all the rows in the layer. Setting theAttribute table behavior to Show features visible on map willmake QGIS request only the features in the current map canvas when opening thetable, allowing a quick data loading.

    Note that data in this attribute table instance will be always tied to the canvasextent it was opened with, meaning that selecting Show All Features withinsuch a table will not display new features. You can however update the set ofdisplayed features by changing the canvas extent and selecting Show FeaturesVisible On Map option in the attribute table.

    Data source handling

    • Scan for valid items in the browser dock. You canchoose between ‘Check extension’ and ‘Check file contents’.
    • Scan for contents of compressed files (.zip) in browser dock. ‘No’, ‘Basic scan’ and ‘Full scan’ are possible.
    • Prompt for raster sublayers when opening. Some rasters supportsublayers — they are called subdatasets in GDAL. An example is netCDF files— if there are many netCDF variables, GDAL sees every variable as asubdataset. The option allows you to control how to deal with sublayers when a filewith sublayers is opened. You have the following choices:
      • ‘Always’: Always ask (if there are existing sublayers)
      • ‘If needed’: Ask if layer has no bands, but has sublayers
      • ‘Never’: Never prompt, will not load anything
      • ‘Load all’: Never prompt, but load all sublayers
    • Ignore shapefile encoding declaration. If a shapefilehas encoding information, this will be ignored by QGIS.
    • Add PostGIS layers with double click and select inextended mode
    • Add Oracle layers with double click and select inextended mode
    • Execute expressions on server-side if possible

    Hidden Browser Path

    This widget lists all the folder you chose to hide from the Browser panel.Removing a folder from the list will make it available in the Browser panel.

    Rendering behavior

    • By default new layers added to the map should be displayed
    • Use render caching where possible to speed up redraws
    • Render layers in parallel using many CPU cores
    • Max cores to use
    • Map update interval (default to 250 ms)
    • Enable feature simplification by default for newly added layers
    • Simplification threshold
    • Simplification algorithm: This option performs a local“on-the-fly” simplification on feature’s and speeds up geometry rendering. Itdoesn’t change the geometry fetched from the data providers. This is importantwhen you have expressions that use the feature geometry (e.g. calculation ofarea) - it ensures that these calculations are done on the original geometry,not on the simplified one. For this purpose, QGIS provides three algorithms:‘Distance’ (default), ‘SnapToGrid’ and ‘Visvalingam’.
    • Simplify on provider side if possible: the geometriesare simplified by the provider (PostGIS, Oracle..) and unlike thelocal-side simplification, geometry-based calculations may be affected
    • Maximum scale at which the layer should be simplified
    • Magnification level (see the magnifier)

    Note

    Besides the global setting, feature simplification can be set for anyspecific layer from its Layer properties ‣ Rendering menu.

    Rendering quality

    • Make lines appear less jagged at the expense of somedrawing performance

    Curve segmentation

    • Segmentation tolerance: this setting controls the way circular arcsare rendered. The smaller maximum angle (between the two consecutive verticesand the curve center, in degrees) or maximum difference (distance between thesegment of the two vertices and the curve line, in map units), the morestraight line segments will be used during rendering.

    • Tolerance type: it can be ‘Maximum angle’ or ‘Maximum distance’

      Rasters

    • With RGB band selection, you can define the number for the Red,Green and Blue band.

    Contrast enhancement

    • Single band gray. A single band gray can have‘No stretch’, ‘Stretch to MinMax’, ‘Stretch and Clip to MinMax’ and also‘Clip to MinMax’.
    • Multi band color (byte/band). Options are ‘No stretch’,‘Stretch to MinMax’, ‘Stretch and Clip to MinMax’ and ‘Clip to MinMax’.
    • Multi band color (>byte/band). Options are ‘No stretch’,‘Stretch to MinMax’, ‘Stretch and Clip to MinMax’ and ‘Clip to MinMax’.
    • Limits (minimum/maximum). Options are‘Cumulative pixel count cut’, ‘Minimum/Maximum’, ‘Mean +/- standard deviation’.
    • Cumulative pixel count cut limits
    • Standard deviation multiplier

    Debugging

    • Map canvas refresh

    This menu allows you to add some custom color that you can find in each color dialogwindow of the renderers. You will see a set of predefined colors in the tab: you candelete or edit all of them. Moreover you can add the color you want and perform some copyand paste operations. Finally you can export the color set as a gpl file or importthem.

    Default map appearance (overridden by project properties)

    • Define a Selection color and a Background color.

    Layer legend

    • Double click action in legend. You can either‘Open layer properties’, ‘Open attribute table’ or ‘Open layer styling dock’with the double click.
    • The following Legend item styles are possible:
      • Capitalise layer names
      • Bold layer names
      • Bold group names
      • Display classification attribute names
      • Create raster icons (may be slow)
      • you can also set the WMS getLegendGraphic Resolution

    This tab offers some options regarding the behavior of the Identify tool.

    • Search radius for identifying and displaying map tips is a tolerancedistance within which the identify tool will depict resultsas long as you click within this tolerance.
    • Highlight color allows you to choose with which color should features beingidentified be highlighted.
    • Buffer determines a buffer distanceto be rendered from the outline of the identify highlight.
    • Minimum width determines how thick shouldthe outline of a highlighted object be.

    Measure tool

    • Define Rubberband color for measure tools
    • Define Decimal places
    • Keep base unit to not automatically convert large numbers(e.g., meters to kilometers)
    • Preferred distance units (‘Meters’, ‘Kilometers’, ‘Feet’,‘Yards’, ‘Miles’, ‘Nautical Miles’, ‘Degrees’ or ‘Map Units’ )
    • Preferred area units (‘Square meters’, ‘Squarekilometers’, ‘Square feet’, ‘Square yards’, ‘Square miles’, ‘Hectares’,‘Acres’, ‘Square nautical miles’, ‘Square degrees” or ‘Map Units’)
    • Preferred angle units (‘Degrees’, ‘Radians’, ‘Gon/gradians’,‘Minutes of arc’, ‘Seconds of arc’ or ‘Turns/revolutions’)

    Panning and zooming

    • Define a Zoom factor for zoom tools or wheel mouse

    Predefined scales

    Here, you find a list of predefined scales. With the and buttons you can add or remove your personal scales.You can also import or export scales from/to a .XML file. Note that you still havethe possibility to remove your changes and reset to the predefined list.

    Composition defaults

    You can define the Default font used within the print composer.

    Grid appearance

    • Define the Grid style (‘Solid’, ‘Dots’, ‘Crosses’)
    • Define the Grid color

    Grid and guide defaults

    • Define the Grid spacing
    • Define the Grid offset for x and y
    • Define the Snap tolerance

    Composer Paths

    • Define Path(s) to search for extra print templates: a list of folderswith custom composer templates to use while creating new one.

    This tab helps you configure general settings when editing vector layer (attributes and geometry).

    Feature creation

    • Suppress attribute form pop-up after feature creation
    • Reuse last entered attribute values
    • Validate geometries. Editing complex lines and polygons with manynodes can result in very slow rendering. This is because the defaultvalidation procedures in QGIS can take a lot of time. To speed up rendering, itis possible to select GEOS geometry validation (starting from GEOS 3.3) or toswitch it off. GEOS geometry validation is much faster, but the disadvantageis that only the first geometry problem will be reported.

    Rubberband

    • Define Rubberband Line width, Line colorand Fill color
    • Don’t update rubberband during node editing

    Snapping

    • Open snapping options in a dock window (QGIS restart required)
    • Define Default snap mode (‘To vertex’, ‘To segment’,‘To vertex and segment’, ‘Off’)
    • Define Default snapping tolerance in map units or pixels
    • Define the Search radius for vertex edits in map units or pixels

    Vertex markers

    • Show markers only for selected features
    • Define vertex Marker style (‘Cross’ (default), ‘Semitransparent circle’ or ‘None’)
    • Define vertex Marker size
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    Curve offset tool

    The next 3 options refer to the Offset Curve tool inAdvanced digitizing. Through the various settings, it is possible toinfluence the shape of the line offset. These options are possible startingfrom GEOS 3.3.

    • Join style: ‘Round’, ‘Mitre’ or ‘Bevel’
    • Quadrant segments
    • Miter limit

    GDAL is a data exchange library for raster files. In this tab, you canEdit create options and Edit Pyramids Options of theraster formats. You can define which GDAL driver is to be used for a rasterformat, as in some cases more than one GDAL driver is available.

    Default CRS for new projects

    • Don’t enable ‘on the fly’ reprojection
    • Automatically enable ‘on the fly’ reprojection iflayers have different CRS
    • Enable ‘on the fly’ reprojection by default
    • Select a CRS and Always start new projects with this CRS

    CRS for new layers

    This area allows you to define the action to take when a new layer is created,or when a layer without a CRS is loaded.

    • Prompt for CRS
    • Use project CRS
    • Use default CRS

    Default datum transformations

    • Ask for datum transformation when no default is defined

    • With the ‘on-the-fly’ CRS transformation enabled and the above option checked,adding layers of different CRS opens the Select datum transformationsdialog. This offers you to select the most appropriate transformation settings.Validating this dialog with the ‘Remember selection’ option checked populatesthe table under CRS ‣ Default datum transformations withinformation about ‘Source CRS’ and ‘Destination CRS’ as well as ‘Source datumtransform’ and ‘Destination datum transform’. From now, QGIS automaticallyuses the selected datum transformation for further transformation betweenthese two CRSs until you remove it from the list.

      You can use the button to add a datum transformation if you knowits parameters (source and destination ellipsoids and the numbers from thetransformation table). You then need to manually enter each setting.

    Note

    For more information on how QGIS handles layers projection, pleaseread the dedicated section at Working with Projections.

    • Override system locale and Locale to use instead
    • Information about active system locale

    In the Authentication tab you can set authentication configurationsand manage PKI certificates. See Authentication System for moredetails.

    General

    • Define WMS search address, default ishttp://geopole.org/wms/search?search=%1&type=rss
    • Define Timeout for network requests (ms) - default is 60000
    • Define Default expiration period for WMS Capabilities (hours) - default is 24
    • Define Default expiration period for WMSC/WMTS tiles (hours) - default is 24
    • Define Max retry in case of tile or feature request errors
    • Define User-Agent

    Cache settings

    Define the Directory and a Size for the cache.

    • Use proxy for web access and define ‘Host’, ‘Port’, ‘User’,and ‘Password’.
    • Set the Proxy type according to your needs.
      • Default Proxy: Proxy is determined based on the applicationproxy set using
      • Socks5Proxy: Generic proxy for any kind of connection.Supports TCP, UDP, binding to a port (incoming connections) and authentication.
      • HttpProxy: Implemented using the “CONNECT” command, supportsonly outgoing TCP connections; supports authentication.
      • HttpCachingProxy: Implemented using normal HTTP commands, itis useful only in the context of HTTP requests.
      • FtpCachingProxy: Implemented using an FTP proxy, it isuseful only in the context of FTP requests.

    Excluding some URLs can be added to the text box below the proxy settings (seeFigure_Network_Tab).

    If you need more detailed information about the different proxy settings,please refer to the manual of the underlying QT library documentation athttp://doc.qt.io/qt-4.8/qnetworkproxy.html#ProxyType-enum

    Tip

    Using Proxies

    Using proxies can sometimes be tricky. It is useful to proceed by ‘trial anderror’ with the above proxy types, to check if they succeed in your case.

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    The Variables tab lists all the variables available at theglobal-level.

    It also allows the user to manage global-level variables. Click the button to add a new custom global-level variable. Likewise, select a customglobal-level variable from the list and click the button to removeit.

    More information about variables in the Variablessection.

    Depending on your OS, all the settings related to QGIS (UI, tools, data providers,default values, plugins options..) are saved:

    • in a text file: $HOME/.config/QGIS/QGIS2.conf
    • in the properties list file: $HOME/Library/Preferences/org.qgis.qgis.plist
    • in the registry under: HKEYCURRENT_USERSoftwareQGISqgis

    The Advanced tab offers you in a single place, regardless your OS,means to manage these settings through the Advanced Settings Editor.After you promise to be careful,the widget is populated with a tree of all QGIS settings, which you can directly edit.

    Warning

    Avoid using the Advanced tab settings blindly

    Be careful while modifying items in this dialog given that changes areautomatically applied. Doing changes without knowledge can break yourQGIS installation in various ways.

    In the properties window for the project under Project ‣Project Properties (or Settings ‣ Project Properties),you can set project-specific options.

    The project-specific options overwrite their equivalent in the optionsdescribed above.

    • In the General tab, the general settings let you:

      • give a title to the project beside the project file path
      • choose the color to use for features when they are selected
      • choose the background color: the color to use for the map canvas
      • set whether the path to layers in the project should be saved as absolute(full) or as relative to the project file location. You may preferrelative path when both layers and project files can be moved or sharedor if the project is accessed from computers on different platforms.
      • choose to avoid artifacts when project is rendered as map tiles. Note thatchecking this option can lead to performance degradation.

      Calculating areas and distances is a common need in GIS. However, these valuesare really tied to the underlying projection settings. The Measurementsframe lets you control these parameters. You can indeed choose:

      • the ellipsoid to use: it can be an existing one, a custom one(you’ll need to set values of the semi-major and semi-minor axis)or None/Planimetric.
      • the units for distance measurements for length and perimeter andthe units for area measurements. These settings, which defaultto the units set in QGIS options but then overrides it for the current project,are used in:
        • Attribute table field update bar
        • Field calculator calculations
        • Identify tool derived length, perimeter and area values
        • Default unit shown in measure dialog

      The Coordinate display allows you to choose and customize the format of unitsto use to display the mouse coordinate in the status bar and the derived coordinatesshown via the identify tool.

      Finally, you can define a project scale list, which overrides the globalpredefined scales.

    • The CRS tab enables you to choose the Coordinate ReferenceSystem for this project, and to enable on-the-fly re-projection of raster andvector layers when displaying layers from a different CRS. For more informationon projection’s handling in QGIS, please read Working with Projections section.

    • With the Identify layers tab, you set (or disable) whichlayers will respond to the identify tool. By default, layersare set queryable.

      You can also set whether a layer should appear as read-only, meaning thatit can not be edited by the user, regardless of the data provider’scapabilities. Although this is a weak protection, it remains a quick and handyconfiguration to avoid end-users modifying data when working with file-based layers.

    • The Default Styles tab lets you control how new layers will bedrawn when they do not have an existing .qml style defined. You canalso set the default transparency level for new layers and whether symbolsshould have random colors assigned to them.There is also an additional section where you can define specific colors for therunning project. You can find the added colors in the drop down menu of the color dialogwindow present in each renderer.

    • The tab OWS Server allows you to configure your project in orderto publish it online. Here you can define information about the QGISServer WMS and WFS capabilities, extent and CRS restrictions. More informationavailable in section Prepare a project to serve and subsequent.

    • The Macros tab is used to edit Python macros for projects. Currently,only three macros are available: openProject(), saveProject() andcloseProject().

    Macro settings in QGIS

    • The Relations tab is used to define 1:n relations. The relationsare defined in the project properties dialog. Once relations exist for a layer,a new user interface element in the form view (e.g. when identifying a featureand opening its form) will list the related entities. This provides a powerfulway to express e.g. the inspection history on a length of pipeline or road segment.You can find out more about 1:n relations support in Section Creating one or many to many relations.
    • In the Data Sources tab, you can:
      • Evaluate default values on provider side: When addingnew features in a PostGreSQL table, fields with default value constraint areevaluated and populated at the form opening, and not at the commit moment.This means that instead of an expression like nextval(\'serial\'), the fieldin the Add Feature form will display expected value (e.g., 25).
      • Automatically create transaction groups where possible:When this mode is turned on, all(postgres) layers from the same database are synchronised in their edit state,i.e. when one layer is put into edit state, all are, when one layer is committedor one layer is rolled back, so are the others. Also, instead of buffering editchanges locally, they are directly sent to a transaction in the database whichgets committed when the user clicks save layer.Note that you can (de)activate this option only if no layer is being editedin the project.
    • The Variables tab lists all the variables available atthe project’s level (which includes all global variables). Besides, italso allows the user to manage project-level variables. Click the button to add a new custom project-level variable. Likewise, select a customproject-level variable from the list and click the button toremove it.More information on variables usage in the General ToolsVariables section.

    The customization dialog lets you (de)activate almost every element in the QGISuser interface. This can be very useful if you want to provide your end-users with a‘light’ version of QGIS, containing only the icons, menus or panels they need.

    Note

    Before your changes are applied, you need to restart QGIS.

    Ticking the Enable customization checkbox is the first stepon the way to QGIS customization. This enables the toolbar and the widgetpanel from which you can uncheck and thus disable some GUI items.

    The configurable item can be:

    • a Menu or some of its sub-menus from the Menu Bar
    • a whole Panel (see Panels and Toolbars)
    • the Status bar described in Status Bar or some of its items
    • a Toolbar: the whole bar or some of its icons
    • or any widget from any dialog in QGIS: label, button, combobox..

    With Switch to catching widgets in main application, youcan click on an item in QGIS interface that you want to be hidden andQGIS automatically unchecks the corresponding entry in the Customization dialog.

    Once you setup your configuration, click [Apply] or [Ok] to validate yourchanges. This configuration becomes the one used by default by QGIS at the next startup.

    The modifications can also be saved in a .ini file using Save To File button. This is a handy way to share a common QGISinterface among multiple users. Just click on Load from Filefrom the destination computer in order to import the .ini file.You can also run command line tools and save varioussetups for different use cases as well.

    Tip

    Easily restore predefined QGIS

    The initial QGIS GUI configuration can be restored by one of the methods below:

    • unchecking Enable customization option in theCustomization dialog or click the Check All button
    • pressing the [Reset] button in the QSettings frame underSettings ‣ Options menu, System tab
    • launching QGIS at a command prompt with the following command lineqgis--nocustomization
    • setting to false the value of UI ‣ Customization ‣Enabled variable under Settings ‣ Options menu,Advanced tab (see the warning).

    In most cases, you need to restart QGIS in order to have the change applied.

    QGIS provides default keyboard shortcuts for many features. You can find them insection Menu Bar. Additionally, the menu optionSettings ‣ Configure Shortcuts.. allows you to change the defaultkeyboard shortcuts and add new keyboard shortcuts to QGIS features.

    Configuration is very simple. Just select a feature from the list and click on :

    • [Change] and press the new combination you want to assign as new shortcut
    • [Set none] to clear any assigned shortcut
    • or [Set default] to backup the shortcut to its original and default value.

    Proceed as above for any other tools you wish to customize. Once you havefinished your configuration, simply [Close] the dialog to have your changesapplied. You can also [Save] the changes as an .XML fileand [Load] them into another QGIS installation.

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